EU Faces High-Stakes Decision on Using Frozen Russian Assets to Arm Ukraine

European Union leaders are under growing pressure to decide whether frozen Russian assets should be used to finance Ukraine’s defence, as the war continues and Kyiv’s funding needs grow more urgent. The issue is expected to dominate a crucial EU summit in Brussels, where leaders must balance strategic urgency with legal and political risks.
The European Commission has stressed that supporting Ukraine is essential to Europe’s own security. One proposal under discussion involves a loan of up to €90 billion secured against Russian state assets frozen within the bloc. The funds would support Ukraine’s military and civilian needs, with repayment only if Russia eventually pays reparations.
However, divisions among member states remain sharp. Belgium, which holds most of the frozen assets, has raised concerns over legal exposure and possible retaliation. Italy has urged caution, warning that using Russia’s assets without a firm legal basis could weaken Europe’s position. Meanwhile, Hungary, which has often opposed increased support for Ukraine, has threatened to block alternative funding methods that would require unanimous approval.
Germany has voiced support for making the assets usable, arguing the funds could sustain Ukraine’s defence for years and send a strong message to Moscow. With Hungary’s resistance limiting other options, the asset-backed loan is increasingly seen as one of the few workable solutions.
As legal risks, internal divisions, and security concerns converge, EU leaders face a critical decision that will shape Europe’s role in the war and its long-term security strategy.